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Table 2 Example scenarios describing conversion operations and their corresponding costs

From: Layout-aware text extraction from full-text PDF of scientific articles

System Output

Operation in Gold Standard Representation

Cost

Block is split

Split the gold standard block into the required number

1

Big block is subsuming n small blocks

Delete the involved blocks in the gold standard and add one big block

n + 1

n block are intersecting

Delete all the blocks in the gold standard, whose area is common with the intersecting blocks, in the system output

Number of blocks deleted from gold standard +1